Where You Live, What You Look Like, and Where You Come From

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SOURCES:

Bani Azari MD, PhD, founding medical director, program for cardiac genetics, genomics and precision medicine, Northwell Health; member, National Medical Hispanic Association, Hempstead, NY.

Sabra Lewsey, MD, MPH, cardiologist specializing in heart failure and assistant professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Nilay S. Shah, MD, MPH, assistant professor of medicine (cardiology) and preventive medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Rigved Tadwalkar, MD, cardiologist, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA.

CDC: “What is Health Literacy?” 

American Heart Association: “Stroke, heart failure death rates accelerating in some Hispanic adults,” “Adult obesity, inactivity, associated with Black and Hispanic communities.”

North Carolina Institute of Medicine: “Just What Did the Doctor Order? Addressing Low Health Literacy in North Carolina.”

American Journal of Managed Care: “Solving the Physician Diversity Problem.”

Occupational Safety and Health Administration: “Long Work Hours, Irregular or Extended Shifts, and Worker Fatigue.”

Population Reference Bureau: “A Demographic Profile of U.S. Workers Around the Clock.”

Johns Hopkins Magazine: “Research Shows Food Deserts More Abundant In Minority Neighborhoods.”

Commonwealth Fund: “Inequities in Health and Health Care in Black and Latinx/Hispanic Communities: 23 Charts.”

Nurse Practitioner: “Low Health Literacy.”

Journal of the American Heart Association: “Association Between Community‐Level Violent Crime and Cardiovascular Mortality in Chicago: A Longitudinal Analysis.”

Circulation:Heart Failure: “Social Constructs and the Making of Social Determinants of Health: A Pathway for Equity Interventions to Change Heart Failure Outcomes.”